Primary brain tumors represent a heterogeneous and biologically complex group of neoplasms that
require multidisciplinary management approaches. Following the publication of the 2021 World
Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors, the incorporation of molecular
markers into histopathological diagnostics has markedly improved diagnostic precision and facilitated
the development of individualized treatment strategies. The identification of actionable molecular
targets, particularly in high-grade malignant tumors, has paved the way for novel therapeutic
approaches. Integrating targeted therapies with conventional modalities?surgery, radiotherapy, and
chemotherapy?holds considerable promise for optimizing treatment responses. Nonetheless, establishing
the long-term efficacy, safety, and impact on overall survival of these innovative strategies will
require large-scale, multicenter clinical trials.
Keywords: Molecular targets; multidisciplinary treatment; personalized oncology; primary brain tumors; targeted therapy
